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India Carries out Successful Vertical Launch of BrahMos

Cruise missile BrahMos shown on IMDS-2007Image via Wikipedia

India Carries out Successful Vertical Launch of BrahMos

BrahMos, the supersonic cruise missile, was successfully launched vertically from Naval destroyer INS Ranvir of March 21, 2010. This is the 22nd launch of BrahMos, which has already been inducted into the Army and the Navy. It has been jointly developed by India and Russia (BrahMos formed from Brahmaputra and Moskva River).   The missile is nine metres long and weighs three tonnes. It can fly at almost three times the speed of sound
and can reach targets 290 km away. It is essentially an anti-ship missile.

It punched a hole in a decommissioned vessel 290 km away in the Bay of Bengal off the Orissa Coast. The missile climbed 200 metres vertically, then monoeuvred at supersonic speeds to cruise horizontally before smashing into the vessel INS Meen.

Education Reform Bills Passed in India.

Three Education Reform Bills Passed.
On March 19, 2010 cleared the Prohibition of Unfair Practices in Technical, Medical Educational Institutions and Universities Bill 2010, that seeks to make capitation fee a cognizable offence.

First Bill: Prohibition of Unfair Practices Bill charging of capitation fee or failure to keep promises of quality education could attract a prison term of up to three years or fine up to Rs. 50 lakh for the institute. As per the Bill, if an institution makes certain promises in its prospectus, but does not deliver or charges capitation fee from a number of students, then such practices should be considered criminal offences.

Second Bill: Setting up of Education Tribunals to adjudicate disputes in campuses. It basically passed to settle all types of disputes including any type of malpractice or harassment of students.

Third Bill: Setting up a National Accreditation Agency to give accreditation to institutions. Which will assesses and accredits institutions of higher education to ensure higher standards. The proposed National Accreditation Authority will evaluate the quality of institutes.

Anti-Hijacking Law is strengthened as Cabinet Nod for Death Penalty for Hijackers.

Anti-Hijacking Law is strengthened as Cabinet Nod for Death Penalty for Hijackers.

Central government on March 19, 2010 cleared proposals to make the anti-hijacking law more stringent by including death sentence as a punishment. The Union Cabinet approved a proposal of the civil
Aviation ministry to amend the Anti-hijacking Act of 1982. After UPA-II took over, a new GoM; headed by Home Minister P.Chidambaram, gave the final shape to the proposals.

Proposed Changes against Hijackers.
Aircraft can be shot down if hijack is established and that hijackers intend to use it like a missile as in 9/11 attacks.
Aircraft can be immobilized and disallowed from taking off if hijack occurs on Indian soil.
No negotiation with hijackers on demands.
IAF fighters to be scrambled if hijacked plane remains in Indian airspace.

Reference:
The Kandahar Hijack
On 24 December, 1999, Pakistan based terrorists hijacked Indian Airlines Flight IC-814 to Kandahar and secured the release of three top militants, including Maulana Masood Azhar, from Indian jails. During that time 178 passengers and 11 crew members were exchanged for four dreaded terrorists. One of the passengers was killed by the hijackers.
            On February 5, 2008, a designated court in Patiala sentenced three persons to life in jail, holding them guilty of murder and conspiracy with the IC-814 hijackers.


Personal Letter along with Marriage Invitation Card.


More often one will think how it feels when people are not invited to the marriage personally? And it wont convince the recipient in attending the marriage as they feel they are ignored.  So always those who are not invited personally should be sent a personal short message which will convince them. 

This is how a short personal letter along with the marriage invitation card should be written and sent.

Dear Mr.(Name) and Mrs.(Name),

We are very happy to inform you that the marriage of our son/daughter (Name) with (Bride/Groom Name) is scheduled to take place on (Date).  Invitation is enclosed herewith.  Due to various reason as you would understand, we are unable to come and invite you personally.  However, please kindly treat this as our personal invitation and attend the wedding well in advance and bless the couple.

Looking forward to seeing you at the wedding,

Yours Affectionately,
Name
(Both wife and Husband personal signature is preferred)

Business Letter Format, Guidelines, Salutation, Closing the letter with Explanation.

Often one get a doubt how to write a Business Letter, what guidelines to follow? How the format should be? How the letter should be started and ended? What should be the opening salutation? What all can be put in the body of the letter? 

For all questions, here is the answer.
FORMAT:

Return Address


Today's Date

Name of recipient
Recipient's Title
Name of company, organisation, or institution Street address or post office box
City, State, Zip Code.

Opening Salutation:
Body of Letter:
Conclusion

Closing Salutation,
(four returns here)
Your Signature
Your Name
CC:
Enclosure:

Here it is the detailed explanation of each step specifically.

Return Address: If you have pre-printed stationery, there is no need to include a return address at the top of your letter.  However, if you do not, you must include this information at the very top (note: use only your address - your name still foes under your signature at the bottom).  Never expect the recipient to find your address on the envelope, as it is often discarded upon opening.


Today's Date: Dating your letter, and dating it in a clear manner, is crucial.  Always completely spell out the month.  Us actual numbers for the date and year.  For example, May 17, 2009.


Recipient's Name and Address: As stated above, the person to whom you are sending the letter will always choose to read and answer a letter addressed specifically to him before one with a generic greeting, for instance, "Dear Sir" or "Gentleman".


Opening Salutation: The easiest and most proper form of salutation and simple "Dear Mr. (name)" for a woman.  For official titles, consult the "Forms of Address" glossary at the back of the book.  Remember to never use a first name only unless you already know the person well.. Follow your greeting with a colon. 


Body of the Letter: As you can see, the format page above is in "full-block" style, with all paragraphs flush left.  Allow a full space between the paragraphs.  All business letters should be types or printed from a computer.


It is important to organize your thoughts carefully.  the more coherent and structured your letter, the more impressive your statement.  Be brief and get right to the point.  Report facts accurately, without exaggeration or hyperbole.  The recipient of your letter will appreciate your consideration of her time, as well as your respect for her intelligence.  The letters in the book follow there rules.  Use them as is, but learn from them at the same time.


Conclusion: You will notice that at the end of almost every sample business letter contained in this book, a 'thank you' appears before the closing.. It can be placed at the end of the body of the letter, or in a separate paragraph by itself.  This show of gratitude is not only a sign of common decency, but also a subtle nudge towards a response that will ultimately benefit you. "Thank you for your assistance" not only expresses appreciation, it subtly rewards the recipient for the efforts she is about to make on your behalf.


Closing Salutation: Since this is a business letter, it is important that your closing reflect a respectful distance.  Never assume anything more! Therefore, informal closing such as "Fondly," "Best regards", or "Your truly" are inappropriate.


In nearly every case, a simple "Sincerely" will do just fine.  Always leave at least four line space for your signature, under which your name will appear typed.  You may also include additional information below your name. 
  
CC: It stands for "Carbon copy".  To send a copy of your letter to another person, such as your attorney, your recipient's attorney etc. you would place those names in list format after the CC: -


Enclosure: In many cases, you will need to support your position with copies of original documents.  For instance, if you are writing got a bank to dispute a charge on your statement, you will need to enclose a copy of that statement.  You would then type "Enclosure: Statement for checking account number (your account number)".

Why Business Letter And Guidelines To Write and Format.

Business Letters serve two main purposes first, they open the lines of communication to help you receive a desirable response, whether it's solving a problem , making arrangements, or seeking information; and second, they server as official records of correspondence, so that you can strengthen your case, if need be, with physical proof.
It is vitally important that you follow a few simple rules when writing business letters. Doing so will allow you to capture the attention of the recipient and enable you to get what you want.

  • Imagine yourself in the position of the recipient.  You have stack of mail on your desk and you don't take time or, frankly, the inclination to read and answer each and every letter.  Which do you respond to? The one that is addressed "To Whom It Made Concern" and is sloppily written, or the one that it addressed to you personally, formatted neatly, and communicated respectfully and effectively?
  • Today's business world is technologically advanced-virtually every type of office is computerized.  But the people who run these offices is are still very much human beings, so the traditional rules of effective letter writing, with a respectful human touch, still apply.  In fact, it could be argues that in an increasing automated world, it is even more important to emphasis on our human qualities.
Other Guidelines:
  • Get to the point! Respect the time of the recipient, and don't burden him or her with rambling or secondary background information.  State your reason for writing in your first paragraph and stay on track.
  • Always include facts that will help ease the recipient's task.  For instance, if you are writing to a bank, mention your account number early so that he will not have to look it up.
  • If you refer to other correspondence, mention those by date, check number, etc.  Include copies whenever possible.
  • Always be courteous! Even if you are frustrated or angry, maintaining a cool, calm approach will be beneficial to your situation.
Business Letter Format:


Use the following as a guidelines to writing an effective business letter:


Return Address


Today's Date


Name of recipient
Recipient's Title
Name of company, organisation, or institution Street address or post office box
City, State, Zip Code.


Opening Salutation:


Body of Letter:
Conclusion


Closing Salutation,


(four returns here)


Your Signature
Your Name
CC:
Enclosure:

Letter Declining a Request: On a Appointment.

How to write a letter declining a request without hurting the others?


Dear (Name),


Thank you so much for the confidence you have placed in my abilities by nominating me to this respected position, but I feel I must decline.


My current priorities are with my (Job/Family/other position), and I do not feel I can devote a sufficient amount of time to do the position justice.  However, I do hope I can be of service in other ways.


I know you will find a suitable candidate who will bring energy and leadership to the job, and I'll be happy to help in the search.


Again, I am grateful for the generous offer, and I regret that my circumstances prevent me from accepting.


Best Regards,
(Your Name)

Declining a Request Letter: Of a Reference.



Dear (Name),


Although I am normally happy to recommend a (Former employee/ friend/ acquaintance), I believe that in this case it would be inappropriate to do so, because I simply (do not know the applicant well enough/could not locate sufficient information).  I know that (He/She) was (employed/ a resident of our town) from (date) to (date), but offering any character testimony beyond that would be conjecture on may part. 


If there is any other way I can be of service, feel free to ask.


Sincerely,
(Your Name)